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Courses - Spring 2025
ENES
Engineering Science
Open Seats as of
12/21/2024 at 10:30 PM
ENES100
(Perm Req)
Introduction to Engineering Design
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
GenEd: DSSP
Prerequisite: Must have math eligibility for MATH140 or higher.
Students work as teams to design and build a product using computer software for word-processing, spreadsheet, CAD, and communication skills.
Credit granted for ENES100 or ENES100A.

Non-engineering students can enroll for ENES100A and must request permis sion to do so at eng.umd.edu/keystone/courses.
ENES100A
(Perm Req)
Introduction to Engineering Design
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
GenEd: DSSP
Prerequisite: Must have math eligibility for MATH140 or higher.
Students work as teams to design and build a product using computer software for word-processing, spreadsheet, CAD, and communication skills.
Restricted to non-engineering students. Credit granted for ENES100 or ENES100A.
ENES102
(Perm Req)
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Corequisite: MATH140.
Restriction: Must be in a major in ENGR-A. James Clark School of Engineering.
Formerly: ENES110.
The equilibrium of stationary bodies under the influence of various kinds of forces. Forces, moments, couples, equilibrium, trusses, frames and machines, centroids, moment of inertia, beams, friction, stress/strain, material properties. Vector and scalar methods are used to solve problems.
Students must pay a $30 course materials fee.
ENES108
(Perm Req)
Achieving College Success: First Year Transition
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Restricted to LSAMP Bridge students only.
ENES114
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
Prerequisite: ENES113.
Restriction: Students must be participants in the Virtus Living and Learning Community.
Focus on personal and professional development with engineering with a strong emphasis on career development. Learn to employ strategies and skills for academic and professional success.
ENES116
FLEXUS Living and Learning Community Seminar II
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: ENES115.
The seminar focuses on personal and professional development by enhancing technical ability, understanding educational options through minors and student projects in engineering, identifying and employing strategies and skills for academic and professional success, and developing career commitment through networking and mentoring. Students develop professional portfolios in preparation for a future internship or job.
ENES138
Equity and Inclusion in Engineering Design
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg
GenEd: DVCC
Restriction: Must be a student in the A. James Clark School of Engineering or in the Global Engineering Leadership minor. Credit only granted for: ENES338K, CHSE338K, or ENES138. Formerly: ENES338K.

Through deliberate reflections on the past and current patterns of exclusion and inclusion within engineering, you will develop skills for engaging in equitable and inclusive processes and practices that can transform your collaborations and approach to engineering and the design process. This course engages students, from multiple social identity groups, in facilitated dialogue that focus on the tensions, similarities, and differences of experience that exist within, between, and/or across groups.
ENES140
Discovering New Ventures
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
GenEd: DSSP
Additional information: This course may count as an elective for a student at the University of Maryland, depending on the student's specific degree program. It cannot be counted towards the requirements for the Smith School of Business Entrepreneurship Fellow Program.
Students explore dynamic company startup topics by working in teams to design a new venture. This multi-disciplinary course helps students to learn the basic business, strategy, and leadership skills needed to launch new ventures. Topics include learning how to assess the feasibility of a startup venture, as well as how to apply best practices for planning, launching, and managing new companies. Students discuss a wide range of issues of importance and concern to entrepreneurs and learn to recognize opportunities, assess the skills and talents of successful entrepreneurs, and learn models that help them navigate uncertainty.
All questions regarding this course should be directed to mtecheducation@umd.edu.

A Fearless Ideas Course from the Academy for Innovation & Entrepreneurship (AIE): http://ter.ps/iamFEARLESS Click here for more information on the Fearless Ideas Courses.
ENES152
(Perm Req)
Transfer LEAD Seminar II
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: ENES150.
Restriction: Must be an eligible external transfer student in the A. James Clark School of Engineering; and permission of instructor.
This is a continuation of ENES150: Transfer LEAD Seminar I. Transfer LEAD is a program for Engineering transfer students with four main outcomes: Learn, Educate, Adapt, Direct. In this course, students will apply the concepts they learned in ENES150 in a practical setting. Students will focus on engagement, communication, and peer education.
Students must complete ENES150 prior to enrollment and will be granted permission based on completion of ENES150. Students interested in ENES152 should contact the instructor via email at shayes@umd.edu to request permission for the course.
ENES190H
Introduction to Design and Quality
Credits: 4
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
GenEd: DSSP
Restriction: Must be in the Quest program.
Cross-listed with: BMGT190.
Credit only granted for: BMGT190 or ENES190.
QUEST students learn and apply design practices to design new products and services. Working in multidisciplinary teams, students use quality and process improvement methods to identify, analyze, and recommend solutions to real-world problems.
Cross-listed with BMGT190H. Credit granted for BMGT190H or ENES190H.
ENES192
Engineering For Us All
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
GenEd: DSSP
Prerequisite: MATH107.
Additional information: Recommended for non-engineering majors.
Students are challenged to uncover hidden valuable connections among a variety of disciplines, while creatively seeking and solving problems as a team. Students learn and practice skills for how groups function and identify innovation while addressing the tensions between our inherent drives to seek and solve, to share, and to sell.
ENES200
Technology and Consequences: Engineering, Ethics and Humanity
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
GenEd: DSHU, SCIS
Credit only granted for: ENEE200 or ENES200.
What makes a technology socially responsible? At UMD, the Fearless Ideas campaign asks us to aim our enthusiasm for technology at big real problems. At the same time, we are coming to appreciate the increasingly complex nature of technological systems as they become integrated into all forms of infrastructure, we realize they may be unpredictable, interdependent on social and biological systems, and have unintended consequences. In this midst of this complexity, people make decisions with far reaching impacts. How then do we follow our passion for technology and innovation but also stay skeptical in a way that allows us to consider the potential and shortcomings of technology? Designed for both engineering and non-engineering students wishing to explore and assess the impact of engineering technology on society and the role of society in generating that technology.
Declared engineering students have priority for registration. Non-engineering majors should choose the holdfile option. The Clark School will release available seats to students in the holdfile after the last day of Early Registration for Freshmen.
ENES210
Entrepreneurial Opportunity Analysis and Decision-Making in 21st Century Technology Ventures
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
GenEd: DSSP, SCIS
Credit only granted for: ENES210 or ENES461.
This multi-disciplinary course helps students learn the principles of entrepreneurial opportunity analysis and decision-making in an increasingly dynamic and technically-inclined society. Emphasis is placed on how aspiring technology entrepreneurs can develop their entrepreneurial perspectives to develop winning entrepreneurial plans for their future ventures.
All questions regarding this course should bedirected to mtecheducation@umd.edu.
ENES214
(Perm Req)
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
Prerequisite: Students must have completed ENES213.
Restriction: Students must be participants in the Virtus Living and Learning Community.
Students continue to develop their leadership and mentoring skills, participate in networking opportunities and explore their interest in special engineering topics.
ENES216
FLEXUS Living and Learning Community Seminar IV
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: ENES115, ENES116, and ENES215.
Restriction: Restricted to second year FLEXUS participants.
The seminar focuses on gender diversity and its cross-sections with culture. Students continue to enhance their leadership and mentoring skills, participate in networking opportunities with women in leadership roles and careers in engineering, and engage in opportunities for outreach and service-learning. Students will also complete a culminating semester project.
ENES220
(Perm Req)
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: Minimum grade of C- in ENES102; and (MATH141 and PHYS161).
Restriction: Must be in a major in ENGR-A. James Clark School of Engineering; and must not be in Engineering: Electrical program.
Stress and deformation of solids-rods, beams, shafts, columns, tanks, and other structural, machine and vehicle members. Topics include stress transformation using Mohr's circle; shear and moment diagrams; derivation of elastic curves; and Euler's buckling formula. Design problems related to this material are given in lab.
Students must pay a $35 course materials fee.
ENES221
(Perm Req)
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: Minimum grade of C- in ENES102; and (MATH141 and PHYS161).
Restriction: Must be in a major in ENGR-A. James Clark School of Engineering.
Systems of heavy particles and rigid bodies at rest and in motion. Force-acceleration, work-energy and impulse-momentum relationships. Motion of one body relative to another in a plane and in space.
ENES232
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: PHYS261 and PHYS260.
Restriction: Must be in a major in ENGR-A. James Clark School of Engineering.
Credit only granted for: BIOE232, CHBE301, ENCH300, ENES232, ENME320, or ENME232.
Formerly: ENME232 and ENME320.
Introduction to thermodynamics. Thermodynamic properties of matter. First and second laws of thermodynamics, cycles, reactions, and mixtures.
For all sections of ENES232 there will be common midterm examinations on periodic Thursdays from 7:00-8:15pm.
ENES240
Ethical, Policy and Social Implications of Science and Technology
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
GenEd: DSSP, SCIS
Restriction: Must be in the Science, Technology, Ethics and Policy minor.
Cross-listed with: PLCY240.
Credit only granted for: ENES240 or PLCY240.
Asks students to think about how society should manage complexity, transformation, and uncertainty with an eye on developing a broader sense of ethics and social responsibility. Introduces analytical frameworks, concepts, and data collection techniques that interdisciplinary scholars use to map relationships among science, technology and society and generate important questions about the future of society.
ENES260
(Perm Req)
AI4ALL: Introduction to Machine Learning for All Engineers
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: Minimum grade of C- in MATH140.
Recommended: Some programming experience is recommended, especially in Python.
Restriction: Permission of Department (Keystone).
This introductory course covers a wide range of topics, from the fundamentals of linear algebra and programming to advanced topics such as backpropagation in neural networks and hardware considerations for Large Language Models. This course will explore how professionals use Machine Learning (ML) to solve real-world engineering problems and even implement models in a team-based project. This course also delves into unsupervised algorithms for dimensionality reduction, defensive strategies against adversarial attacks on ML, ethical considerations of the open internet, and copyright.
ENES305
(Perm Req)
RISE Leadership Seminar
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
Prerequisite: Permission of ENGR-A. James Clark School of Engineering; and ENES304.
This is the second semester of a two semester sequence taken by RISE students in their final semester in the program. The purpose of ENES 305 is for RISE students to learn about leadership, acquire leadership skills, and understand how to integrate leadership theories and concepts in engineering practice. There will be a mix of formal lectures by course faculty and lectures by distinguished speakers who can provide their own experience of what leadership means and how it is acquired. Students will explore their own leadership philosophy and leadership capacities in the context of group practice. Students will make meaning of general leadership theories and concepts and understand how to apply them to engineering industry. Students will also gain understanding of leadership through the stories shared by distinguished speakers with industrial, governmental and academic experience.
Alternating face-to-face/online class meetings, see the instructor for details.
ENES317
Introduction to Leadership in Engineering, Science, and Technology
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
GenEd: DSSP
Restriction: Must be in the Minor in Global Engineering Leadership(#EN09).
Additional information: Students not meeting restriction requirements should add themselves to the course holdfile. Restrictions DO NOT apply to winter and summer terms.
Develop a comprehensive overview and introduction to leadership and organizational development. Students will reflect on their own leadership experiences, develop a strong foundational knowledge of leadership theory, and advance their capacities in effectively leading teams. Students will connect leadership theory to practice by engaging in case study analysis and critique leadership practices enacted within engineering and technology settings. Students will complete self-assessments to better understand their own leadership strengths and refine their approaches to leadership by incorporating theories covered in this course.
ENES390H
Designing Innovative Systems
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: ENES190, BMGT190, ENED290 or BMGT290.
Restriction: Must be in the QUEST program.
Cross-listed with: ENED390.
Credit only granted for: BMGT390, ENES390 or ENED390.
Formerly: ENES390.
The QUEST systems thinking course challenges students to analyze how processes interact in larger systems. Students will learn how to use process improvement tools and a systems thinking approach to solve problems and design innovative solutions. By drawing upon their multidisciplinary backgrounds, students will be able to understand and reframe problems from multiple perspectives to uncover new solutions.
ENES397
Mentoring Multidisciplinary Teams
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Restriction: Restricted to QUEST Program (TQMP) students.
Cross-listed with: BMGT397.
Credit only granted for: BMGT397 or ENES397.
QUEST students practice essential skills for mentoring and coaching multidisciplinary teams. These include effective communications, facilitation, conflict resolution, and the ability to motivate. Students will practice these skills as mentors for student teams from BMGT/ENES 190H. In the process, they will strengthen their knowledge of design and quality techniques.
ENES401
(Perm Req)
Entrepreneurial Design Realization
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Restriction: Must have senior standing and permission of instructor.
Cross-listed with: ENME401.
Credit only granted for: ENME401, ENME489B or ENES401.
Formerly: ENME489B.
The vision for this course, and an aspect that makes it unique, is to expose students to the opportunities and challenges of bringing a product design to reality (entrepreneurship). The emphasis is on environmentally and socially sustainable projects. The end-product of this course will be full-scale implementations or complete design "packages" that can be taken to potential stakeholders.
ENES440
Science, Technology, Ethics, and Policy: Minor Program Capstone
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
Prerequisite: ENES240 and 2 courses from the STEP minor elective list.
Restriction: Must be in the Science, Technology, Ethics, and Policy minor.
Additional information: This is the culminating course the STEP minor program.
Capstone research seminar for students in the Science, Technology, Ethics, and Policy Minor program.
ENES461
Advanced Entrepreneurial Opportunity Analysis in Technology Ventures
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
Credit only granted for: ENES210 or ENES461.
Explores the factors that influence entrepreneurial opportunity analysis in technology-based ventures. Uses a cognitive theoretical framework to examine the integration of motivation, emotions and information processing modes to make complex entrepreneurial decisions in technology venture environments.
Credit only granted for ENES210 or ENES461.
ENES466
(Perm Req)
Leading and Financing the Technology Venture
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
Restriction: Permission of ENGR-Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
Credit only granted for: ENES466, BMGT365, SMLP471 or HLMN471.
Additional information: Course may not be used to fulfill any BMGT major or minor program requirement.
Focuses on the challenges of leading and financing new technology ventures. Leadership topics include team selection and formation, aligning rewards with relative contributions of team members, and how early decisions can enable or prevent founders from achieving results that align with their individual motivations for becoming an entrepreneur. Essential tools and methods for building a strong financial foundation for a new technology venture are examined. Includes important accounting principles as well as methods for keeping financial control of the technology venture. Insights are shared on navigating the multitude of financial barriers that may block your entrepreneurial success, as well as how to grow the technology venture from concept through launch.
ENES471
(Perm Req)
Legal Aspects of Entrepreneurship
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
Restriction: Must be in the Minor in Technology Entrepreneurship & Corporate Innovation (#EN06).
Additional information: Course may not be used to fulfill any BMGT major or minor program requirement.
Explores critical legal and business issues entrepreneurs face as they build and launch a new venture. Examines real world scenarios, and addresses the legal issues at all of the important junctures along the path to success. Significant attention placed on new venture formation, intellectual property management, and financing arrangements.
ENES472
Leading Global Teams and Engaging Across Cultures in Business, Engineering, and Technology
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F, Aud
GenEd: DVCC
Restriction: Sophomore standing or higher; must be a minor in Global Engineering Leadership (#EN09), Global Poverty (#AG06), Global Terrorism Studies (#BS07), or International Development and Conflict Management (#BS02).
Credit only granted for: ENES472, SLLC471, or SLLC473.
Additional information: Students not meeting restriction requirements should add themselves to the course holdfile. Restrictions DO NOT apply to winter and summer terms.
Develop global leadership capacities and an understanding of the cultural aspects pertaining to industry and international business. In a globalized world, the ability to work, lead and communicate in culturally diverse settings has become a core component to leadership. Through real-world examples, research, and simulations, students will increase their self-awareness and understanding of culture and how culture influences attitudes, behaviors, and practices at the individual, organizational, or societal levels. Students will develop the skills necessary to navigate, negotiate, and lead cross-cultural engagements and teams. The course content is relevant and applicable to anyone interested in developing cross-cultural leadership competencies and cultivating a global mindset.
ENES481
Engineering Honors Seminar II
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
Restriction: Must be in College of Engineering Honors; and junior standing or higher.
Introduction to engineering creativity and innovation in engineering. Application of methods of creativity to topics in communication, conducting research, and leadership.
ENES489Q
Special Topics in Engineering; Design and Innovation in Silicon Valley
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
ENES490H
QUEST Capstone Professional Practicum
Credits: 4
Grad Meth: Reg, P-F
GenEd: DSSP
Prerequisite: ENES390 or BMGT390.
Cross-listed with: BMGT490.
Credit only granted for: BMGT490 or ENES490.
The capstone course for the QUEST Honors Program provides students with an opportunity to learn in multidisciplinary teams of business, engineering, and science students in a real-world setting. Companies engage teams of QUEST students with real organizational challenges and dedicate resources to help students address these problems. Student teams must enhance their skills in quality management, process improvement, and systems design and will apply these to add value to a client. In the process, students will improve their teamwork skills.
Restricted to QUEST program students. Cross-listed with BMGT490H. Credit granted for BMGT490H or ENES490H.
ENES491
Scoping Experiential Learning Projects
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Prerequisite: BMGT190 or ENES190.
Restriction: Restricted to QUEST Program (TQMP) students.
Cross-listed with: BMGT491.
Credit only granted for: BMGT491 or ENES491.
QUEST students cultivate relationships with new and current corporate partners and prepare project scopes for QUEST's introductory course, BMGT/ENES 190H, and capstone course, BMGT/ENES 490H. Requires independent work communicating with clients and class visits to a variety of potential project sites.
ENES601
(Perm Req)
Future Faculty Program Seminar I
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Restriction: Must be in the Clark School Future Faculty Program.
Introduction to and development of skills necessary to obtain and succeed in a university faculty position. Emphasis on technical writing and effective presentations. Discussion of research diversification, networking, ethics and professionalism.
ENES603
(Perm Req)
Future Faculty Program Seminar III
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Restriction: Must be in the Clark School Future Faculty Program.
Developing a successful faculty research program. Establishing and maintaining a research group. Finding funding opportunities and writing grant proposals. Mentoring graduate students. Faculty position application process. Preparing research and teaching statements.
ENES604
Future Faculty Program Teaching Practicum
Credits: 1
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Prerequisite: ENES602.
Restriction: Must be a graduate student in the Clark School Future Faculty Program; and students for whom English is not the native language must pass the Maryland English Institute ITA Evaluation prior to enrolling in this course.
Graduate students will co-teach a course under supervision of a faculty mentor. Graudate students will be involved in all aspects of the course including development of syllabus, presenting lectures, writing and grading examiniations, and evaluating the students in the course.
Restricted to the students in the Future Faculty program.
ENES617
Engineering Leadership in Contemporary Context
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Students will develop a foundational understanding of theories that inform leadership education and practice. Students will see leadership as a discipline that transcends functional areas, serving as a framework to lead and guide within engineering and beyond. This course will offer students a space to consider their leadership capacity in a diverse, dynamic, and global context. Students will explore organizational and leadership theories to formulate one's approach as a leader, and how one sees theory shaping practice.
ENES660
Fundamentals of Product Management
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Restriction: Must be in the Product Management Master of Professional Studies program; or permission of Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
Provides a comprehensive survey of product management and its growing role in producing technology-driven products that customers love. Guides students through the product lifecycle and market lifecycle, diving into the competencies needed at each stage. Topics include startup and corporate strategy, product strategy, vision setting and evangelism, development lifecycle approaches based on customer involvement and product stage, the various types of innovation at each stage of the lifecycle, and how the product manager leads the team through it all. Learn the basics of customer discovery, product discovery, product delivery, and the core-context model for managing products through maturity.
ENES663
Strategies for Managing Innovation
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud, S-F
Restriction: Must be in the Product Management or the Technology Entrepreneurship and Corporate Innovation Master of Professional Studies programs; or permission of Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
Emphasizes how innovative leaders can use strategic management of innovation and technology to enhance firm performance. It helps students to understand the process of technological change; the ways that firms come up with innovations; the strategies that firms use to benefit from innovation; and the process of formulating technology strategy. It provides frameworks for analyzing key aspects of these industries and teaches students how to apply these frameworks.
ENES665
Innovative Thinking
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, S-F
Restriction: Must be in the Product Management or the Technology Entrepreneurship and Corporate Innovation Master of Professional Studies programs; or permission of Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
Introduces students to new and powerful tools to boost their creative problem solving skills. Participants re-discover their communication and teaming skills. Students unlock their creativity potential, and explore win-win approaches to define and solve problems of different kinds. Students are also introduced to topics related to intellectual property.
ENES666
Creative Design, Prototyping, and Testing
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, S-F
Restriction: Must be in the Technology Entrepreneurship and Corporate Innovation Master of Professional Studies program; or permission of Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
Transition from creative, innovative, design thinking methods to prototyping and concept testing of products and services. Learn how to translate ideas into marketable offerings to create real value for customers and the new venture. Emphasis is placed on an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to engineering design, concurrent engineering, design for manufacturing, industrial design, and the business of new product development. Topics include design methods, modeling and simulation, material and manufacturing process selection, platform and modular design, mass customization, planning and scheduling, and business issues, teamwork, group dynamics, creativity, and innovation.
ENES673
Financing the Product Life Cycle
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Restriction: Must be in the Product Management Master of Professional Studies program; or permission of Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
Provides the essential tools and skills to build a strong financial foundation for designing, developing, and managing new products within established companies and organizations. Examines accounting principles as well as methods for managing the financials of the product. Discusses navigating the multitude of financial barriers that may block success, as well as how to raise the right amount of capital at the right time from the right source, with an emphasis on internal company financing.
ENES674
Managing Product Development and Operations
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Restriction: Must be in the Product Management Master of Professional Studies program; or permission of Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
Explores the evolution of modern management methods for operations and product development. Evaluates production and operation methods from inception to factory-based models of productivity, through the quality and lean movements, to the explosion of productivity with modern approaches. Focuses on how to effectively run large-scale agile teams with agile engineering at its core.
ENES680
Building and Leading Innovative Organizations
Credits: 3
Grad Meth: Reg, Aud
Restriction: Must be in the Product Management Master of Professional Studies program; or permission of Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute.
Focuses on building a product enterprise through lean product portfolio management. Defines the conceptual groundwork that enables achieving the vision of a customer-centric value creation business model centered around lean principles. Explains the details of building a scaled product enterprise and explores alignment of organizational support functions with a product framework that lays the pathway for a sustainable value maximizing enterprise at scale.