Prerequisite: PHIL271 or equivalent or permission of the instructor.

Philosophy and artificial intelligence often rely on logical models of reasoning, yet standard logic, originally designed to systematize reasoning in mathematics, applies only in domains where information is certain. In many scientific fields, as well as in ordinary commonsense reasoning, both people and machines must reason on the basis of information that is uncertain, incomplete, or even inconsistent. This course is focused on logics-sometimes known as "defeasible" or "nonmonotonic" logics-designed for reasoning with information of this kind.