Populism has emerged as one of the most contested and consequential forces in contemporary politics. From the rise of Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro to Brexit and the resurgence of nationalist movements in Europe and beyond, populists are reshaping political discourse, institutions, and public attitudes about democracy. But what exactly is populism? Is it inherently a threat to democracy, or can it be a force for political inclusion? Why does it thrive in some contexts and not in others? And how does it intersect with media, affective polarization, and shifting public conceptions of democracy? This course provides students with conceptual, theoretical, and empirical tools to analyze populism in comparative perspective. The course will pay particular attention to affective polarization, how citizens interpret democracy, and the role of social media in shaping populist mobilization (Populism 2.0). Through case studies spanning different regions and ideological orientations, students will develop the ability to critically assess the causes and consequences of populist politics today. By the end of the course, students will be able to situate populism within broader debates in comparative politics, including public opinion, political behavior, political psychology, party systems, and institutional design.