Geometric primitives and algorithms for discrete and continuous spatial data processing. Point data representation and analysis: spatial data structures, neighbor finding and range queries, clustering algorithms. Terrain modeling: grids and TINs, algorithms and data structures for building and querying TINs, gridding and interpolation. Terrain analysis: segmentation through watershed computation, algorithms for visibility computation. Applications to LiDAR data processing and analysis for forest management, urban modeling, and coastal data mapping.