Cross-listed with HIST418E. Credit only granted for HIST418E or JWST419E. Seminar that explores the relationship between the state and the Jews and Jews and the state in Europe and America since the late eighteenth century when Jews started the process of integration into the societies in which they lived. It will look at state policy toward Jews, how Jews re sponded to state policy, and how they mobilized politically to effectissues of concern to Jews. We will also compare different states and why Jews in those states chose different forms of political activity. Scholarly readings and discussion, along with a research project based on primary sources.