Failures in Human Spaceflight: Apollo 1, Challenger, & Columbia provides an introduction to fatal accidents in American spaceflight history. Students will study the engineering failures and management decisions leading to each disaster. Additionally, they will consider the investigations, public responses, and impacts prompted by the accidents.Readings will include official accident reports, internal NASAcommunications, and personal accounts. Students will discuss how these disasters shaped modern risk management and what lessons were learned - or ignored - along the way.