Restriction: Must be in Government & Politics program.

Thirty-six years ago protest movements from below led to the world-shattering events known as the revolutions of 1989. What were their causes and consequences? What were the communist regimes and why did they fail? The course will highlight the (re)birth andconsolidation of liberal democracies, NATO and EU extensions, the ongoing ideological confrontations, and the rise of populist and nationalist parties and movements.

Not open to students who completed GVPT459H in Spring 2024.