The fundamentals of heat transfer will be developed from a nanoscale, or atomic perspective. From considering heat transfer properties of materials from this "bottom-up" perspective, the properties of the individual energy carriers can be manipulated via nanotechnology, therefore allowing for engineering heat transfer on the nanoscale. To achieve this, this course will cover basic concepts in Kinetic Theory, Quantum Mechanics, Solid State Physics, Statistical Thermodynamics, wave vs. particle transport theory, Landauer and Boltzmann Transport Formalisms, coupled transport and thermoelectricity. Each of these concepts will be directly applied to modern nanotechnologies. Basic numerical methods will be presented to demonstrate how these nanoscale thermophysical concepts can be manipulated to engineer heat transfer in nanoscale materials and devices.