Examines the emergence of transnational theory in literary and cultural studies and its challenge to the nation-state as the dominant frame for analyzing culture. We will approach transnationalism both as a historical condition shaped by the global circulation of people, capital, and ideas, and as a critical methodology for understanding aesthetic production beyond national borders. The seminar places transnational theory in dialogue with adjacent frameworks such as world literature and cosmopolitanism. Through close engagement with key theoretical texts andliterary works, we will address questions of circulation, translation, linguistichegemony, and literary world-building. Taking Brazilian and Hispanic American literature as primary case studies, the seminar also encouragesstudents to approach these cultural regions from a transnational perspective, examining the ways literary and cultural production in Latin America participates in broader global circuits of exchange, influence, and interpretation.